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Literature Review On Childhood Trauma Essay - 1113 Words

Literature Review Article Critique Jocelyn Claudio Widener University September 25, 2016 Overview The authors of this literature review evaluated studies completed on adults who were 50 years or older and also experienced trauma as a child. They reviewed the impact childhood trauma has on their mental and physical health as older adults. They collected findings from 23 studies that were published between 1996 through 2011 and concluded that childhood trauma did in fact have negative effects on older adults mental and physical health. Although it is well known that trauma at a young age can have serious effects, especially on development, it is interesting to see how it also transitions into late adulthood. Description Research Topic/Purpose The authors aim to identify the mental and physical risks in late adult life that has been negatively influenced by childhood trauma. There are two purposes of this literature review. Results can help develop support or intervention strategies that foster resilience throughout the life course by investigating the correlation childhood trauma has on older adults’ well being (Maschi et. al., 2013, p. 62). Another purpose is to address the gap in literature that examines the influence traumatic events has on later life health. Key Concepts of the Literature The key concept of this literature review is to better understand how childhood trauma is associated with mental health, such as post-traumatic stress disorderShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Adverse Childhood Experiences On Student Learning919 Words   |  4 PagesThe Effects of Adverse Childhood Experiences on Student Learning Research Questions The Beebe Public School District is a rural district located about thirty minutes from the state’s capital. 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The abuse can colorRead MoreThe Effects Of Childhood Maltreatment On Children And Families1112 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to the Administration for Children and Families (2013), there are one million verified cases of childhood maltreatment reported annually in the United States. This constitutes approximately 35% of the childhood population in the United States. Of these cases, 79.5% were the result of neglect, emotional abuse, and abandonment. Over 3% of these children attempted or completed suicide (Administration for Children and Families, 2013). Dr. Todd Herrenkohl and colleagues conducted a 30 yearRead MoreChildhood Trauma and Neurological Development Essay950 Words   |  4 PagesChildhood is a time for playdates and learning, a time for big dreams and imaginary adventures. Safety and security should not be questions that linger in uncertainty. However, this is not the case for many children across the globe. Thousands of children from all walks of life each day are faced with unspeakable horror and must deal with the resulting trauma from then on. However, in children, managing this trauma takes a different toll on the mind and heart than it does in adults. While the type

George Washington Carver Essay Example For Students

George Washington Carver Essay It is not the style of clothes one wears, neither the kind of automobile one drives, nor the amount of money one has in the bank, that counts. These mean nothing. It is simply service that measures success. George Washington Carver. George Washington Carver paved the way for agriculturists to come. He always went for the best throughout his whole life. He didnt just keep the best for himself; he gave it away freely for the benefit of mankind. Not only did he achieve his goal as the worlds greatest agriculturist, but also he achieved the equality and respect of all. We will write a custom essay on George Washington Carver specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now George Washington Carver was born near Diamond Grove, Missouri in 1864. He was born on a farm owned by Moses and Susan Carver. He was born a sick, weak baby and was unable to work on the farm. His weak condition started when a raiding party kidnapped him with his mom. He was returned to the Carvers farm with whooping cough. His mother had disappeared and the identity of his father was unknown, so the Carvers were left to care for him and his brother James. Here on the farm is where George first fell in love with plants and Mother Nature. He had his own little garden in the nearby woods where he would talk to the plants. He soon earned the nickname, The Plant Doctor, and was producing his own medicines right on the farm. Georges formal education started when he was twelve. He had, however, tried to get into schools in the past but was denied on the basis of race. No black school was available locally so he was forced to move. He said Good-bye to his adopted parents, Susan and Moses, and headed to Newton County in southwest Missouri. Here is where the path of his education began. He studied in a one-room schoolhouse and worked on a farm to pay for it. He ended up, shortly after, moving with another family to Fort Scott in Kansas. In Kansas, he worked as a baker in a kitchen while he attended the High School. He paid for his schooling with the money he earned from winning bake-off contests. From there he moved all over bouncing from school to school. College entrance was a struggle again because of racial barriers. 2 At the age of thirty he gained acceptance to Simpson College in Indianola, Iowa. He was the first black student accepted to this college. Here he studied piano and art. With his ambition to pursue a science major, he transformed to Iowa Agricultural College (Iowa State) in 1891. He received his Bachelors of Science in 1894 and his Masters in bacterial botany and agriculture in 1897. He learned about fungi and the disease it causes. During his research he became known to agricultural centers all over the country. He went on to become the first black faculty member at Iowa State. He taught classes about soil conservation and chemurgy. In 1896, Booker T. Washington, founder of the Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute for Negroes, convinced Carver to go south and serve as the Tuskegee school director of agriculture. Here he would remain for the rest of his life. Here, in Alabama, he did experiments with peanuts, sweet potatoes, pecans, peas, and soybeans. He soon developed his crop rotation method where he alternated the soil depleting cotton crops with these soil-enriching crops. Since America depended mostly on southern agriculture at this time, his achievement was very important and valuable to southern farmers. Since a combination of cotton, tobacco, and the Civil War had depleted the soil of rich nutrients, Carver convinced all of the southern farmers to adopt his technique. This helped the south to recover and produce not only more, but bigger crops. He continued constantly working with peanuts, sweet potatoes, and pecans trying to produce new products. He developed more than 300 products from the peanut (including Peanut Butter), 175 from the sweet potato, and 60 from the pecan. He extracted blue, purple, and red pigments from the clay soil of Alabama. .u74f714e4f145e4a27df602043ac7a43e , .u74f714e4f145e4a27df602043ac7a43e .postImageUrl , .u74f714e4f145e4a27df602043ac7a43e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u74f714e4f145e4a27df602043ac7a43e , .u74f714e4f145e4a27df602043ac7a43e:hover , .u74f714e4f145e4a27df602043ac7a43e:visited , .u74f714e4f145e4a27df602043ac7a43e:active { border:0!important; } .u74f714e4f145e4a27df602043ac7a43e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u74f714e4f145e4a27df602043ac7a43e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u74f714e4f145e4a27df602043ac7a43e:active , .u74f714e4f145e4a27df602043ac7a43e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u74f714e4f145e4a27df602043ac7a43e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u74f714e4f145e4a27df602043ac7a43e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u74f714e4f145e4a27df602043ac7a43e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u74f714e4f145e4a27df602043ac7a43e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u74f714e4f145e4a27df602043ac7a43e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u74f714e4f145e4a27df602043ac7a43e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u74f714e4f145e4a27df602043ac7a43e .u74f714e4f145e4a27df602043ac7a43e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u74f714e4f145e4a27df602043ac7a43e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Scientific method EssayHe researched the manufacture of synthetic marble from green wood shavings, rope from cornstalk fibers, and veneers from the palmetto root. During WWI, he worked to replace the textile dyes that were being imported from Europe. He ended up producing and replacing over 500 different shades. In 1927, he invented a process for producing paints and stains from soybeans. Three different patents were issued: US 1,522,176 Cosmetics and Producing the Same. Jan. 6,1925 George Washington Carver. Tuskegee, Alabama. US 1,541,478 Paint and Stain and Producing the Same. June 9, 1925 George Washington Carver. Tuskegee, Alabama US 1,632,365 Producing Paints and Stains June 14, 1927 George Washington Carver. Tuskegee, Alabama. 3 He did not patent or sell hundreds of his other inventions and products but gave them away for the world to benefit from them. His most famous peanut product was peanut butter. He received his doctorate from Simpson College in 1928. He became a member of the Royal Society of Arts in London, England. He also received, by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), the Spingarn Medal. He became part of the U. S. Department of agriculture in 1935. In 1939, he was awarded the Roosevelt Medal for restoring southern agriculture. George Washington Carver died at the age of 79 (1864-1943) in 1943 from anemia. He donated his whole life savings to Tuskegee University for further study in agriculture. For his great accomplishments he was honored with many things. In 1951, a national monument near his home was formed and named after him. This was the first national monument to be named after an African American. He was given a commemorative stamp and was induced into the NY University of Hall of Fame. He was the second African American to make it into the hall of fame. George Washington Carver, in the end, achieved his goal as the greatest agriculturists and so much more. Everything that he invented, he invented for the benefit of mankind. He even gave away well over half of his invented products. But most important, he changed the south from being a one-crop land of cotton, to multi-crop farmlands, and gave the farmers hundreds of profitable uses for their new crops. 4 Truly an American hero of agriculturists, he paved and planted the road for future ones to come.

“The Good Earth” The Oppression of Women Essay Essay Example

â€Å"The Good Earth†: The Oppression of Women Essay Paper â€Å"In fact. the birth of female kid was considered to be both a clip of unhappiness and a clip of an evil portents. † ( Lotus 54 ) A adult female is still considered to be a weaker gender in today’s society and the inequality between male and female perpetuates. In fact. this state of affairs is rather prevailing in Pearl S. Buck’s The Good Earth. whereby adult females continue to be suppressed by the more superior and masculine group which are work forces. Restrained by the traditional Chinese society’s belief. adult female is expected to be an inferior group in every facet of life. They are merely capable of going a courtesan. a married woman. and a female parent. In other words. their lives are dictated to work forces. We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"The Good Earth†: The Oppression of Women Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"The Good Earth†: The Oppression of Women Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"The Good Earth†: The Oppression of Women Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Society expectation’s on them is so low in the sense that they merely can go subsidiaries to hubbies. male parents and boies. Furthermore. a birth of a miss is considered to be a great catastrophe in a household as they are believed to convey evil fate. Because of this mentality. adult females are subjected to high-levels of infanticide or sold as slaves to wealthier households as female kids merely conveying shame to a household. This shows the unfairness of gender as females are continually oppressed and they have to confront adversities constrained by ancient Chinese society’s belief in their whole life from maltreatment in childhood to servitude in maturity. The subjugation of adult females in Pearl S. Buck’s The Good Earth is apparent through the manner the Chinese society mistreats adult females and some of the olden pattern such as concubinage. foot-binding pattern. and bondage. The birth of a female babe is seen to be a bad luck to a household as it is an evil portent. The birth of a miss is believed to convey bad fortune in a household. and therefore is fated to confront favoritism in the ancient Chinese society. When O-lan gives birth to the first miss. she hollowly says. â€Å"It is merely a slave this time-not worth mentioning† ( Buck 51 ) . Daughters are valued less than boies. When the first miss is born. Wang Lung suspects the miss is the beginning of all immoralities in his place. â€Å"Wang Lung stood still. A sense of evil struck him. A miss! A miss was doing all this problem in his uncle’s house. Now a miss had been born into this house as well† ( Buck 51 ) . The birth of a female kid will merely convey load to a household as they have to do certain the girl gets sufficient nutrient to turn up. Therefore. it is merely a waste of household resources to raise a female kid. Apart from that. when they are married off. the househo ld needs to pay a dowery. O-Lan says. â€Å"Well. and who will pay for the dowery and for the nuptials and for the middleman’s fees? † ( Buck 47 ) . Obviously. she feels contempt towards the birth of female kid since the kid will be like a parasite to the household and she will non profit the household in the hereafter. â€Å"A female kid was considered to be a liability to the household because she was thought to be merely a impermanent member of the household – person who had to be supported until she could be married† ( Lotus 54 ) . The patrilineal system is practiced in the ancient Chinese society. Therefore. a miss will non be the member of her ain household when she is married to other household as lineage is traced through the male side of the household. That is why the birth of a boy is considered a approval to a household. When Wang Lung has the first babe who is a female. their household celebrates it with joy: â€Å"We shall hold to purchase a good basketful of eggs and dye them all ruddy for the small town. Thus will everyone cognize I have a boy! † ( Buck 33 ) . On the other manus. girls are considered a catastrophe to a household. Consequently. O-lan putting to deaths her girl by surrounding her without inquiring Wang Lung when she realizes the girl can non be supported during the dearth. It is a societal norm for a Chinese household to kill female babies alternatively a male as they are a liability to a household. Daughters are sacrificed in many critical state of affairss which show great favoritism against female gender. The pattern of taking a courtesan is a tradition during Chinese ancient times. This is because there is no love between bride and bridegroom during matrimony. The matrimony intent is merely to supply a male heir to go on the household line. They both see each other for the first clip on their nuptials twenty-four hours. This is shown when Wang Lung marries with O-lan without cognizing her visual aspect. He is satisfied with her expression because there are no pock-marks and lip split except for her unbound pess. If the hubby is non satisfied with his wife’s expression or visual aspect. he will most likely go chat uping exterior and happen a courtesan to fulfill his animal lecherousness. This is proven from the quotation mark: â€Å"because the Chinese adult male could non see his bride until the nuptials twenty-four hours. the ulterior ownership of a courtesan for her beauty alone was a common practice† ( Lotus 56 ) . Even a married woman can non keep back her hubby fro m such pattern. and to do it worse she can non disassociate him as it is an discourtesy. A adult male can disassociate his married woman as he like because of his supreme authorization in a household. As for Wang Lung. he takes Lotus as his courtesan because love does non bloom between him and O-lan. O-lan can non queer Wang Lung from taking courtesan. She merely can stay soundless all the clip when Lotus moves into her house. â€Å"Then when they slept and Wang Lung still sat at the tabular array woolgathering she washed herself for kiping and at last she went into her accustomed room and kip entirely upon her bed† ( Buck 152 ) . This reveals that adult females have to accept their destiny of being betrayed by their hubby. Work force are allowed to make anything to a courtesan every bit long as he provides the courtesan with comfort and pleasant things. When he foremost sees Lotus. he is wholly attracted to her physical visual aspect particularly her edge pess which O-Lan does non hold. This is the ground: †This was easy for Lotus Flower since Wang Lung has all devouring desire for Lotus Flower. Her beauty. including her little pess. wholly captivated him. † ( Lotus 57 ) If the love foundation between Wang Lung and O-lan is strong plenty. he will non be tempted that easy to exert his lecherousness with Lotus. There is some intelligence about adult females who can non bear her hubby for bewraying them and kill themselves. â€Å"Some adult females will even hang themselves upon a beam with a rope when a adult male takes a 2nd adult female into the house† ( Buck 153 ) . As such. Wang Lung feels guilty and ashamed for his matter with Lotus. The feeling of guilty does non impede him from demanding the pearls from O-lan to give to Lotus since she is excessively resistless for him to halt continue holding such matter. Wang Lung even releases choler on O-lan when his uncle’s married woman arranges all the affair sing Wang Lung and Lotus’ reunion. O-lan’s depression is showed by the quotation mark. â€Å"I have borne you sons – I have borne y ou boies -â€Å" ( Buck 149 ) . He tries to convert himself that he has done nil incorrect as rich people taking courtesan is a pattern that clip. Therefore. this shows that adult female has no power at all and is subjected to any sort of agonies in every aspect of life. Womans are besides mistreated through foot-binding pattern. â€Å"Foot-binding was the act of wrapping three- to five-year old misss pess with binding as to flex the toes under. interrupt the castanetss and coerce the dorsum of the pes together. The tight adhering chiefly cut the circulation. and this retarded the growing of the pes. † ( Chinese 51 ) The intent of pes binding isto bring forth bantam pes which looks beautiful to a adult male. Womans have to travel through such anguish procedure in order to achieve fondness from their hubbies in the hereafter. O-lan tells her girl that her hubby will non love her if her pess are non bound. Wang Lung’s girl wept from the hurting of her bindings when her female parent tightened the patchs excessively tightly. Her girl tells O-lan that she can non kip at dark when her pess are bounded. The girl claims that her female parent tells her that her hubby might non love her merely as Wang Lung does non love O-Lan if she does non make so. The cogent evidence is: †and my female parent s aid I was non to cry aloud because you are excessively kind†¦and so my hubby would non love me even as you do non love her. † ( Buck 190 ) There is an old Chinese expression: â€Å"For every brace of little pess. there is a jar full of cryings. † Foot-binding cripples adult females and makes them unable to travel decently. Therefore. it is apprehensible that Lotus bloom hardly moves around Wang Lung’s house because of her bound pess: â€Å"Because adult female could walk merely a really short distance. she was confined chiefly to her household† ( Chinese 51 ) . Chinese work forces use their superior place to hale adult female to conform to the criterion of beauty which is ghastly. Thus. many adult females have to travel through a barbarous procedure in order to acquire men’s attending. â€Å"Bound pess were thought to be seductive. Men thought that if a miss bound her pess. her waist became more slender. and her chests and hips bigger and more shapely. † ( Chinese 53 ) When Wang Lung becomes rich. he realizes how gross outing his wife’s large pess are. â€Å"It seemed to him that she was wholly horrid. but the most horrid of all were her large pess in their loose cotton fabric shoes† ( Buck 130 ) . The mark of foot-binding pattern becomes more outstanding to Wa ng Lung when he becomes rich. â€Å"I have labored and have grown rich and I would hold my married woman expression less like a hind. And those pess of yours – -† ( Buck 130 ) . When he looks at Lotus at the first clip. he is attracted to her because of her edge pess. â€Å"If one had told him that there could be pess like these. small pess thrust into pink satin shoes no longer than a man’s in-between finger. and singing childishly over the bed’s border – if anyone had told him he would non hold believed it† ( Buck 137 ) . Wang Lung thinks that the deformed beauty in Lotus’ edge pess is perfect for sexual satisfaction. Therefore. she takes her as courtesan. The ownership of Lotus makes him well-respected by the villagers. In the olden yearss. the pattern of foot-binding is besides a contemplation of a family’s duty to a miss. If the miss has her pess edge. it shows that she is raised decently by her parents. Henceforth. adult females have no pick but to follow with this anguish. This is besides another manner of women’s favoritism during the Chinese olden times. The unfairness against adult females is besides depicted through female bondage in ancient China. The merchandising of girls as slaves is ubiquitous during the clip of poorness. They are sold as retainers or cocottes in order to give the boy. who is a family’s plus. a better endurance in the clip of dearth. There is one period in the novel when Wang Lung is despairing to cultivate his land because he can non defy the atrocious status his household members are holding. in where they resort to stealing and imploring in order to last. O-Lan tells Wang Lung that that she will sell his girl so that he able to return to his ain land but Wang Lung strongly opposes her. O-Lan Tells him that she is sold so that his parents could return to their place. She stated that. â€Å"If it were merely I. she would be killed before she was sold the slave of slaves was I! But a dead miss brings nil. I would sell this miss for you – to take you back to the land† ( Buck 90-91 ) . Even a adult male from the following hut Tells Wang Lung that he is non the merely in that awful state of affairs: â€Å"When the rich are excessively rich. there is a manner. and if I am non mistaken that manner will come soon† ( Buck 92 ) . This shows that a girl is regarded as worthless and therefore is ever used as a tradable object when a fiscal job arises. In add-on. a married woman is ever treated as a amah in the Chinese olden times. For illustration. O-lan Acts of the Apostless like a retainer to Wang Lung’s household instead a matrimonial spouse. O-lan does non merely take the duties of running family. but besides helps Wang Lung to work in the field. She did non even kick to Wang Lung about her difficult labor. Wang Lung is really satisfied with his married woman that clip. â€Å"But in the twenty-four hours her apparels. her field bluish cotton coat and pants. covered all that he knew. and she was like a faithful. speechless functioning amah. who is merely a helping amah and nil more† ( Buck 26 ) . A married woman is expected to give birth to kids. run the family. and serve all the household members. If they can non make any of these undertakings. they are considered to be useless and therefore w ill be divorced by their hubbies. This societal usage portrays debasement of women’s place in the Chinese ancient times. To reason. Pearl S. Buck has good portrayed the subjugation of oriental adult female in his work The Good Earth. Womans are oppressed because Chinese society considers female babes as an evil portents in a household. the pattern of concubinage. and the pattern of foot-binding and bondage. In the present. people are contending for the equality between adult male and adult female. Women’s position has changed. They are non looked down in China today. They have the right to make anything every bit long as they abide the Torahs. In this modern epoch. adult females play a function in thriving the state. They are given opportunities to face challenges in life and take part in this competitory society: â€Å"The function and position of adult females in China today is characterized by increased chances along with intense competition and major challenges† ( Xie Heng ) . I think the measure to emancipate adult females is appropriate as God creates human to be equal in all sense regardless the gender. God does non make debris. In other words. things that happened to O-lan should non happen once more in the hereafter as it is unfair. It is so a good mark that female is seen to stand every bit tall as their masculine opposite numbers in this modern age. However. favoritism of adult females still occurs in some topographic points. It is necessary to rectify these jobs so that the tragic events in Pearl S. Buck’s The Good Earth in which adult females are despised will non originate in the hereafter. â€Å"A miss should non anticipate particular privileges because of her sex but neither should she set to prejudice and favoritism. † ( Betty Friedan. womens rightist ) Plants Cited Buck. Pearl S. The Good Earth. Great Britain: Methuen A ; Co Ltd. 1976. Huntley. Stephen Veo. â€Å"The Chinese Custom of Foot Binding. † Cliffnotes 50-54. 23 Apr 2008Huntley. Stephen Veo. â€Å"Lotus Flower and Concubinage. † Cliffnotes 50-54. 23 Apr 2008Inspiring Quotation marks by Women. 17 May 2008. Xie Heng. â€Å"The Changing Role and Status of Women in China. † The 1990 Institute 23 April 2008.